LOW REYNOLDS NUMBER FLOW FIELD MODIFICATION VIA TRAVELLING WAVE ACTUATION OF A VERTICALLY ALIGNED WIRE ARRAY SURFACE

Experiments were conducted to observe the effects of an active wire surface on low-Reynolds number Poiseuille flow. The objective was to evaluate the feasibility of actuating piezoelectric nanowires into a travelling wave motion in order to reduce wall shear stress in turbulent flows. Studies have shown that travelling wave motions introduced into the bounding wall of turbulent flow can reduce wall shear stress by disrupting the formation of drag-inducing coherent vortical structures. A Reynolds number scaled flow facility was designed to represent the near-wall region of turbulent flow. A wire surface was installed in the bounding wall and dynamically actuated into a travelling wave. Particle image velocimetry was used to measure the flow. Deviations in the flow were analyzed and a perturbation depth of 5 -- 6 wire lengths was observed. Phase averaged flow fields were examined to evaluate the structure of the disturbances introduced into the flow. Non-dimensional analysis of the results indicated that the modifications to the flow depended on Strouhal number and actuation amplitude, but were independent of Reynolds number. The results suggest that the penetration depth of the flow perturbations introduced by an active nanowire surface is sufficient to influence wall shear stress

A Small College in Maine

A Small College in Maine (1993), by Charles Calhoun and published in conjunction with Bowdoin’s bicentenary, provides a readable, illustrated history of the College. Calhoun cites numerous primary resources that are helpful for further historical inquiry.https://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/bowdoin-histories/1001/thumbnail.jp

A Remedy for Online Exposure: Recognizing the Public-Disclosure Tort in North Carolina

North Carolina is one of only a few jurisdictions that does not recognize the tort of public disclosure of private facts—a civil remedy that protects against the offensive and unauthorized publication of private information that is not of legitimate public concern. The absence of this tort has created a gap in privacy protection in the state that is increasingly problematic with the rise of revenge porn and other online injuries made possible by the widespread use of the Internet and online social networking sites. This Comment specifically explores how recognition of the tort of public disclosure of private facts in North Carolina would give victims of revenge porn a viable civil remedy and help close the state’s existing privacy gap

Revolutionary War claim for Abijah Hubbard signed by John C. Calhoun, March 18, 1818.

As Secretary of War in this Revolutionary War claim, Calhoun inscribes Abijah Hubbard, late of sergeant of the Revolution, on the Pension List of the New York Agency at the rate of eight dollars per month, dated March 18, 1818.https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/littlejohnmss/1188/thumbnail.jp

Letter from John C. Calhoun requesting Robert Oliver Gibbes be listed as an applicant for Midshipman, December 3, 1844.

John C. Calhoun, at the time of writing U.S.Secretary of State, requests that Robert Oliver Gibbes, the son of a highly respectable citizen of Carolina, be listed as an applicant for Midshipman. Dated December 3, 1844.https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/littlejohnmss/1192/thumbnail.jp

John C. Calhoun letter to William H. Rogers

Calhoun was the Secretary of State at the time of this letter. He commands the suspension of the trial of Capt. Hiram Gray, who was accused of violating the slave trade suppression law.https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/littlejohnmss/1189/thumbnail.jp

Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins prevent septic death in rats.

Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins bind and inactive bacterial endotoxin in vitro and prevent death when given before a lethal dose of endotoxin in animals. However, lipoproteins have not yet been demonstrated to improve survival in polymicrobial gram-negative sepsis. We therefore tested the ability of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins to prevent death after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in rats. Animals were given bolus infusions of either chylomicrons (1 g triglyceride/kg per 4 h) or an equal volume of saline for 28 h after CLP. Chylomicron infusions significantly improved survival (measured at 96 h) compared with saline controls (80 vs 27%, P < or = 0.03). Chylomicron infusions also reduced serum levels of endotoxin, measured 90 min (26 +/- 3 vs 136 +/- 51 pg/ml, mean +/- SEM, P < or = 0.03) and 6 h (121 +/- 54 vs 1,026 +/- 459 pg/ml, P < or = 0.05) after CLP. The reduction in serum endotoxin correlated with a reduction in serum tumor necrosis factor, measured 6 h after CLP (0 +/- 0 vs 58 +/- 24 pg/ml, P < or = 0.03), suggesting that chylomicrons improve survival in this model by limiting macrophage exposure to endotoxin and thereby reducing secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Infusions of a synthetic triglyceride-rich lipid emulsion (Intralipid; KabiVitrum, Inc., Alameda, CA) (1 g triglyceride/kg) also significantly improved survival compared with saline controls (71 vs 27%, P < or = 0.03). These data demonstrate that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins can protect animals from lethal polymicrobial gram-negative sepsis

Letter, June 22, 1842, from John C Calhoun to Thomas Green Clemson

Transcript of letter from John C. Calhoun to Thomas Green Clemson, June 22, 1842